Introduction
The BMW M5 E39 is a high-performance luxury sedan that was produced by the German automaker BMW from 1998 to 2003. It represents the fifth generation of the M5 series, succeeding the E34 model, and it was the last M5 based on the 5 Series sedan before the transition to the sixth generation (E60). The E39 M5 is widely regarded as a benchmark in the world of executive cars, combining potent performance with refined luxury and advanced technology for its era.
Production History
Development and Announcement
The development of the E39 M5 began in the early 1990s, following the success of the E30 and E34 M5 platforms. BMW’s Motorsport division sought to create a model that could compete with the likes of the Mercedes-Benz E-Class AMG variants and the Audi RS6, while preserving the brand’s characteristic driving dynamics. The project was initially designated as the E39/4, with the "4" denoting a four-cylinder engine that would later be replaced by a six-cylinder configuration. Official production commenced on 14 December 1998, with the vehicle receiving the designation M5 E39 to distinguish it from its predecessor.
Production Locations
Manufacturing took place at BMW’s Munich plant, which was responsible for assembling the E39 chassis, body panels, and mechanical components. The final assembly of the M5 variant involved additional work at the dedicated M-Plant in Munich, where specialized tuning and installation of M components were completed. Production numbers totaled 22,600 units worldwide, with a significant share sold in the United States, Germany, and other key European markets.
End of Production and Succession
In 2003, BMW discontinued the E39 M5 following the introduction of the E60 generation. The new model incorporated a more powerful V8 engine and an updated platform, shifting the M5's performance envelope to new heights. Despite this, the E39 M5 remains a highly sought-after model among enthusiasts and collectors due to its unique blend of performance and luxury.
Design and Architecture
Exterior Styling
The exterior of the M5 E39 incorporates a blend of aggressive styling cues with the more understated lines typical of BMW’s executive cars. Notable features include the distinctive front grille flanked by large air intakes, a raised hood line, and a prominent rear spoiler integrated into the roofline. The side profile is marked by wide wheel arches and a pronounced C-pillar, which enhance the vehicle’s muscular stance. The rear of the car showcases dual exhaust outlets and a subtle rear diffuser, all of which contribute to an aerodynamic silhouette.
Body Structure
The M5 E39 utilizes a steel unibody construction that integrates reinforced chassis sections to manage the increased loads from the high-performance engine and suspension upgrades. Additional reinforcements were applied to the B-pillar and roof rail to enhance structural rigidity, improving both handling precision and safety.
Dimensions and Weight
- Overall length: 4,770 mm
- Overall width: 1,860 mm
- Overall height: 1,425 mm
- Wheelbase: 2,800 mm
- Curb weight: 1,825 kg (standard) – 1,830 kg (performance trim)
The relatively low weight for a large luxury sedan, combined with the rear-wheel-drive layout, contributes to a balanced and dynamic driving experience.
Powertrain and Performance
Engine Configuration
The M5 E39 is powered by a 4.9-liter inline-six engine known as the S54. This engine features a dual overhead camshaft design, a total of 24 valves, and a 1,500 rpm camshaft timing set for a balance of power and smoothness. The S54 is equipped with twin 36 mm single-choke dual-plug combustion chambers, a cast-iron crankshaft, and a forged aluminum cylinder head. The engine’s displacement was increased from the 4.4-liter version used in the E39 5 Series to 4,900 cc, providing higher output.
Performance Figures
Output and torque figures vary slightly depending on the model year and market-specific tuning:
- Maximum power: 312 kW (421 hp) at 6,700 rpm
- Maximum torque: 500 Nm (369 lb-ft) at 3,500–4,200 rpm
These figures translate to the following performance benchmarks:
- 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph): 5.1 seconds
- 0–200 km/h (0–124 mph): 14.2 seconds
- Top speed (electronically limited): 250 km/h (155 mph)
Fuel Economy
Fuel consumption for the M5 E39 averages 12.6 L/100 km (18.7 mpg US) in combined driving conditions, reflecting its status as a performance-oriented luxury vehicle. These figures were consistent across most markets and remain a benchmark for high-performance sedans of the era.
Transmission and Drivetrain
Transmission Options
The M5 E39 was offered with either a six-speed manual gearbox or a five-speed automatic transmission, depending on the market and customer preference. The manual transmission, supplied by ZF, featured a short gear ratio spread and a reinforced rear axle to handle the high torque output. The automatic variant was a single-clutch, torque converter-based unit designed for smooth power delivery.
Rear-Wheel Drive Architecture
BMW’s M5 E39 retained a traditional rear-wheel-drive layout, which enhances the vehicle’s dynamic characteristics. The rear axle was upgraded with a higher strength differential housing, and the rear suspension was re-tuned with stiffer springs and dampers to handle increased loads. The front suspension was also revised with new control arms and dampers to improve steering feedback and stability.
Performance Features
- Active M differential for improved traction during acceleration
- Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) for active braking and traction management
- Brake system upgrades including 4-piston calipers and larger rotors in high-performance variants
Chassis and Suspension
Front Suspension
The front suspension of the M5 E39 employs a double wishbone layout with an anti-roll bar. Adjustable coil springs and shock absorbers are calibrated for a balance between comfort and handling. The front steering system is a rack-and-pinion design that offers responsive feedback while maintaining precision at higher speeds.
Rear Suspension
At the rear, the M5 E39 utilizes a multi-link suspension setup that provides enhanced wheel control during cornering. The geometry is engineered to reduce body roll and improve traction, especially during hard acceleration or sudden steering inputs. The rear dampers are tuned for progressive compression, enabling a stable ride in everyday driving scenarios while maintaining sharpness in spirited sessions.
Tire and Wheel Options
- Standard wheel size: 18x8.5 inches (front) / 18x9.5 inches (rear)
- Optional alloy wheel packages up to 20 inches for aesthetic upgrades
- Tire sizes: 225/45R18 front and 255/40R18 rear for standard models; optional 245/40R19 in high-performance trims
The combination of wheel and tire choices allows drivers to tailor the M5’s handling characteristics to their preferences.
Interior and Technology
Seating and Comfort
The M5 E39 interior offers sport seats upholstered in high-quality leather with optional color trims. Seating features integrated bolsters and multi-way adjustability, allowing for ergonomic accommodation of a wide range of occupants. Additional amenities include a power-adjustable steering wheel, dual-zone climate control, and an advanced sound system.
Instrumentation and Controls
Instrumentation on the M5 E39 comprises a digital gauge cluster for speed, RPM, and other performance metrics. Traditional analog gauges remain for tachometer and other essential displays. The M5 also introduced a driver-assist interface that provides real-time data on vehicle performance, including lap time calculations and driving mode indicators.
Infotainment and Connectivity
The infotainment system includes a navigation unit, a CD player, and a premium audio system. Optional features in later model years included a satellite radio receiver and an MP3-compatible cassette player. While the system lacks modern connectivity options such as Bluetooth or smartphone integration, the equipment was considered advanced for its time.
Market Reception and Sales
Critical Acclaim
Automotive journalists praised the M5 E39 for its combination of power, handling, and luxury. Publications highlighted its balanced chassis, potent engine, and BMW’s signature driving dynamics as standout qualities. Critics frequently compared it favorably against contemporary rivals such as the Mercedes-Benz E55 AMG and the Audi RS6.
Sales Performance
During its production run, the M5 E39 achieved respectable sales figures in key markets:
- United States: 8,000 units
- Germany: 4,500 units
- United Kingdom: 3,200 units
- Rest of Europe and Asia: 6,800 units
These figures underscore the model’s global appeal among enthusiasts seeking performance within an executive car platform.
Competition and Racing
Road Car Competitors
At the time of its release, the M5 E39 faced competition from several high-performance sedans:
- Mercedes-Benz E55 AMG – featuring a 5.4-liter V8 engine
- Audi RS6 – equipped with a 4.2-liter V8
- Cadillac CTS-V – powered by a 6.2-liter V8
- Dodge Viper – a high-performance sports car with a V10 engine
These vehicles offered various powertrains and driving characteristics, but the M5 E39 was noted for its balanced approach to performance and luxury.
Track and Motorsport Involvement
The M5 E39 was also adapted for motorsport, particularly in the American Le Mans Series and the European GT racing scene. Specially tuned chassis incorporated aerodynamic upgrades, race suspension components, and weight reduction measures. In 2002, a 2002 M5 E39 was used to secure a class victory in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, demonstrating the model’s endurance capabilities.
Cultural Impact
Automotive Enthusiast Community
Owners of the M5 E39 form a dedicated community that engages in modifications, track events, and online forums. The model’s robust aftermarket support includes performance parts such as suspension upgrades, engine tuning modules, and body kits. This level of interest has helped preserve the vehicle’s relevance and maintain a vibrant collector market.
Influence on Future Models
The engineering principles applied in the M5 E39 carried forward into subsequent BMW M models. Techniques developed for weight distribution, suspension tuning, and engine performance were refined in later generations, underscoring the E39’s significance as a technological foundation.
Variants and Special Editions
M5 E39 Standard
The baseline M5 E39 featured the S54 engine, a six-speed manual transmission, and standard luxury appointments. It was marketed as a balanced representation of BMW’s performance philosophy.
M5 E39 Performance Variant
Introduced in 2000, the performance variant offered a slightly more aggressive suspension tuning, upgraded brakes, and a distinctive badging scheme. The power output remained largely unchanged, but the vehicle’s overall driving dynamics were sharpened.
M5 E39 Competition Package
In limited quantities, the competition package added lightweight alloy wheels, carbon-fiber trim, and enhanced suspension components. It was marketed as a “track-ready” option for enthusiasts seeking a higher level of performance.
Technical Specifications
Engine
- Displacement: 4,900 cc
- Configuration: Inline-6
- Horsepower: 312 kW (421 hp) at 6,700 rpm
- Torque: 500 Nm (369 lb-ft) at 3,500–4,200 rpm
Dimensions
- Length: 4,770 mm
- Width: 1,860 mm
- Height: 1,425 mm
- Wheelbase: 2,800 mm
Weight
- Curb weight: 1,825 kg (standard)
- Drivetrain: RWD
Performance
- 0–100 km/h: 5.1 s
- 0–200 km/h: 14.2 s
- Top speed: 250 km/h (electronically limited)
Transmission
- Manual: 6-speed, ZF
- Automatic: 5-speed, torque converter
Legacy and Influence
The BMW M5 E39 is considered a milestone in the evolution of executive performance sedans. Its blend of a powerful inline-six, sophisticated suspension, and luxury amenities set a benchmark that many competitors sought to emulate. The M5 E39 also contributed significantly to the reputation of BMW’s M division as a creator of balanced, high-performance vehicles that remain engaging on both road and track. The model’s enduring popularity in the enthusiast market underscores its lasting impact on automotive culture.
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